Is Newton Wrong: Study Plunges Standard Cosmology Theory Into Crisis
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- The arcane worl
d of cosmology is in uproar. As modern cosmologists rely more and more on the ominous “dark matter” to explain otherwise inexplicable observations, much effort has gone into the detection of this mysterious substance in the last two decades, yet no direct proof could be found that it actually exists.
Even if it does exist, dark matter would be unable to reconcile all the current discrepancies between actual measurements and predictions based on theoretical models. Hence the number of physicists questioning the existence of dark matter has been increasing for some time now. Competing theories of gravitation have already been developed which are independent of this construction.
Their only problem is that they conflict with Newton’s theory of gravitation. “Maybe Newton was indeed wrong”, declares Professor Dr. Pavel Kroupa of Bonn University´s Argelander-Institut fur Astronomie (AIfA).
“Although his theory does, in fact, describe the everyday effects of gravity on Earth, things we can see and measure, it is conceivable that we have completely failed to comprehend the actual physics underlying the force of gravity”.
This is a problematical hypothesis that has nevertheless gained increasing ground in recent years, especially in Europe.
Two new studies could well lend further support to it. These studies have examined so-called “satellite galaxies“.
This term is used for dwarf galaxy companions of the Milky Way, some of which contain only a few thousand stars. According to the best cosmological models, they exist presumably in hundreds around most of the major galaxies.
Up to now, however, only 30 such satellites have been observed around the Milky Way, a discrepancy in numbers which is commonly attributed to the fact that the light emitted from the majority of satellite galaxies is so faint they remain invisible.
A detailed study of these stellar agglomerates has revealed some astonishing phenomena: “First of all, there is something unusual about their distribution”, Professor Kroupa a key researcher explains, “the satellites should be uniformly arranged around their mother galaxy, but this is not what we found”.
More precisely, all classical satellites of the Milky Way - the eleven brightest dwarf galaxies - lie more or less in the same plane, they are forming some sort of a disc in the sky. The research team has also been able to show that most of these satellite galaxies rotate in the same direction around the Milky Way - like the planets revolve around the Sun.
Contradiction upon Contradiction: The physicists do belief that this phenomenon can only be explained if the satellites were created a long time ago through collisions between younger galaxies. “The fragments produced by such an event can form rotating dwarf galaxies”, explains Dr. Metz, who has recently moved across to the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aero-space Center).
But there is an interesting catch to this crash theory, “theoretical calculations tell us that the satellites created cannot contain any dark matter”.
This assumption, however, stands in contradiction to another observation. “The stars in the satellites we have observed are moving much faster than predicted by the Gravitational Law. If classical physics holds this can only be attributed to the presence of dark matter”, Manuel Metz states.
Or one must assume that some basic fundamental principles of physics have hitherto been incorrectly understood. “The only solution would be to reject Newton´s classical theory of gravitation”, says Pavel Kroupa.
“We probably live in a non-Newton universe. If this is true, then our observations could be explained without dark matter”. Such approaches are finding support amongst other research teams in Europe, too.
It would not be the first time that Newton’s theory of gravitation had to be modified over the past hundred years. This became necessary in three special cases: when high velocities are involved (through the Special Theory of Relativity), in the proximity of large masses (through the theory of General Relativity), and on sub-atomic scales (through quantum mechanics).
The deviations detected in the satellite galaxy data support the hypothesis that in space where extremely weak accelerations predominate, a “modified Newton dynamic” must be adopted. This conclusion has far-reaching consequences for fundamental physics in general, and also for cosmological theories.
Famous astrophysicist Bob Sanders from the University of Groningen declares: “The authors of this paper make a strong argument. Their result is entirely consistent with the expectations of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), but completely opposite to the predictions of the dark matter hypothesis. Rarely is an observational test so definite.”
Comment by Anirudh Kumar Satsangi on 16 May 2009:
All cosmological researches should be conducted keeping in view of the following philosophical facts:
It has been stated in Bible (John I-1) “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God, and the Word was God,”
Mohammedans hold that God uttered ‘Kun’ (i.e. ‘Came into being’) and the creation came into being (Holy Quran, Sur. Bakr (II.117).
In Chhandogya Upanishad it is written “Tadaikshat bahu syam prajayeyeti” (VI-2-iii) i.e. “It thought (desired) Would that I were many! Let me procreate myself!” The Aitareya Upanishad says,”Sa ikshat ‘lokannusrija’ iti (I-1-i) i.e. “He bethought himself (desired) – ‘Let me create worlds’, etc. etc.
It is written in Chapter VII of Srimad Bhagavadgita : Sri Bhagwan said, “Arjun, now listen how with the mind attached to Me and practicing Yoga with absolute dependence on Me, you will know Me in entirety and without any shadow of doubt” (1). I shall unfold to you in its entirety this wisdom alongwith the Knowledge of the qualified aspect of God, having known which nothing else remains yet to be known in this world (2). Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, reason and also ego; these constitute My nature eightfold divided. This indeed is My lower (material) nature : the other than this, by which the whole universe is sustained, know it to be My higher nature in the form of Jiva, O Arjuna. (4-5). Arjuna, know that all beings have evolved from this twofold Prakriti, and that I am the source of the entire creation, and into Me again it disappears.(6)
The Radhasoami Religion also tells that, the ‘Word’ mentioned above is in fact Current of Sound or Current of Consciousness or Prime Current of Spirituality which was issued forth from its Source, or Creator or God. This Current has later on produced light and other forces.
Comment by slowsmile on 17 May 2009:
Mr. Satsangi…You have drifted from the main point of this article which is about recent changes occurring in the scientific theories of Newtonian Cosmology. Regarding all forms of religion and staunch belief — well, when you think about it, religion through all our pitiful centuries has only functioned to separate people and is the major cause of all disputes and wars in the world — right up to the present day. And belief in a religion is one thing, belief in God or Allah something entirely different. The mere fact that you are trying to enlighten us from your broadcast would indicate to me that you are in some sort of dispute with the article above. But the article is not talking of astrology and spirituality here, but is about cosmology as a science and, in this distinction, there is a vast difference.
Comment by Richard on 17 May 2009:
I once argued tha religion has been a net positive for humankind, and succreesfully so. I also argued, and sucessfully, that its priet have been a net negative.
Comment by slowsmile on 17 May 2009:
In a similar way I am mostly against all religions, for all the reasons stated above. There is no real precedent or necessity to believe in a religion as well as God. No one usually argues or fights over belief in God, but the same cannot be said of religions.
In the Gnostic Gospels there is a famous statement by Jesus which goes, “Worship God in your heart and not in temples…”. I am not surprised that these Gnostic Gospels were banned from the Christian Bible — these religions would have had no basis if these gospels had been included in the Bible. But to be honest, these gospels also described Jesus showing physical love and kissing Mary Magdalene — this might also have had something to do with its ban.
Comment by Richard on 18 May 2009:
Many things become “religions” most recently environmental extremism with its AGW (climate change)sect. and maybe even Obama. Each generates a priensthood and that means vesting and benefits. Naturally there are those within who value those more than the faith. Churches, Mosque and Temples are human artifacts, and payoffs to God.
Soon there are thngs to be protected and those who covet them.
Regardless of those obvious things I still argue there is more good than harm by codifying a list and system for living. It is that that permits society transcinding the tribal and small.
Comment by Richard on 18 May 2009:
Have you ever notices how things cosmological so often turn to discussions of divinity and the divine?
Comment by Richard on 18 May 2009:
Slowsmile- this from one of great theology:
The reason those Gnostic “Gospels” were excluded is simple. It’s a historical fact that the early church was virtually obsessed with receiving no documents as Scripture that it wasn’t convinced were from the hand of an apostle or someone closely associated with one. Gnostic ideas were developing out of poorly-digested Greek philosophy in the first century, but the so-called Gnostic Gospels came about a good deal later, and their theology was so radically different from the works from the hands of the apostles and friends that the church as a whole ignored them for that reason as well.
Comment?
Comment by slowsmile on 18 May 2009:
The various arguments concerning the differences in approach to the Gnostic Gospels as opposed to the ordinary Gospels has been in dispute for many years. But, as the arguments go, both these gospel forms existed at around about the same time and both suffer the same problem of logical and inarguable proof or lack of it.
The four Gospels may be argued to be a representation of Jesus’ life including his subjective outer teachings via parables and stories. The Gnostic Gospels may also be regarded as the so-called inner teachings. It may also, therefore, be argued that the various churches and religions associated with the Bible, plainly organized the Bible — ref its content — in terms of their own tenets of acceptable social and moral behaviour at the time.
To say that the Gospels or even the Gnostic Gospels are the “absolute truth” is also a very dangerous thing — particularly in this modern, scientific and logical age of viable proof. When stripped of its particularly suspicious religious significance and the lack of any supportive proof recognized, the Bible(or any religious book) is nothing more than a collection of moral legends and tales, whose purpose has been conveniently shifted into religious or spiritual fundamental “truth”. As a basis for this conclusion, we have all heard of the renowned gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. But these ancient author’s names were added by the ancient Catholic church ad hoc and with no basis of fact, and for no other reason that I can think of than it was politic to do so — not to spread the word of God — but simply as a convenient and clever propaganda ruse to spread the religion.
Plainly, in terms of our own spirituality — the politics, interpretation and consequent interference of religion has become evermore irrelevant.
Comment by Anirudh Kumar Satsangi on 19 May 2009:
Gravitation Force is the Ultimate Creator, this paper I presented at the 1st Int. Conf. on Revival of Traditional Yoga, held at The Lonavla Yoga Institute (India), Lonavla, Pune in 2006. The Abstract of this paper is given below:
The Universe includes everything that exists. In the Universe there are billions and billions of stars. These stars are distributed in the space in huge clusters. They are held together by gravitation and are known as galaxies. Sun is also a star. Various members of the solar system are bound to it by gravitation force. Gravitation force is the ultimate cause of birth and death of galaxy, star and planets etc. Gravitation can be considered as the cause of various forms of animate and inanimate existence. Human form is superior to all other forms. Withdrawal of gravitational wave from some plane of action is called the death of that form. It can be assumed that gravitation force is ultimate creator. Source of it is ‘God’. Gravitational Field is the supreme soul (consciousness) and its innumerable points of action may be called as individual soul (consciousness). It acts through body and mind. Body is physical entity. Mind can be defined as the function of autonomic nervous system. Electromagnetic waves are its agents through which it works. This can be realized through the practice of meditation and yoga under qualified meditation instruction. This can remove misunderstanding between science and religion and amongst various religions. This is the gist of all religious teachings – past, present and future.
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